Delhi experiences three main seasons—summer, monsoon, and winter—with two transitional periods (spring and autumn) that are brief but distinct. The city’s climate is classified as humid subtropical, marked by extreme heat from April to June, heavy rains from late June to September, and cold, foggy winters from December to February.
Overview of Delhi’s Climate
Delhi lies in northern India, far from the ocean, so it gets a continental climate: hot summers, cold winters, and a pronounced monsoon. The annual temperature range is wide—summer highs often exceed 40°C (104°F), while winter lows can drop to 4°C (39°F). Rainfall averages about 790 mm per year, with around 80% falling during the southwest monsoon (June–September). The city also experiences a dry, dusty pre-monsoon period in May and early June, followed by a post-monsoon transition in October.
Summer (April–June): Intense Heat and Dust Storms
Summer in Delhi starts in April, when temperatures climb rapidly. May is typically the hottest month, with average highs near 39°C (102°F) and occasional spikes to 45°C (113°F). Humidity remains low until June, making the heat feel dry and harsh. Dust storms, locally called aandhi, are common in May and early June, often bringing temporary relief but also reducing visibility. Schools often close for summer break in May, and many residents leave the city for hill stations. By late June, the heat peaks just before the monsoon arrives.
Monsoon (July–September): Rain and Humidity
The southwest monsoon usually reaches Delhi around June 29, bringing a sudden drop in temperature but a sharp rise in humidity. July and August are the wettest months, with frequent heavy downpours that can cause waterlogging in low-lying areas. The city receives about 640 mm of rain during these three months. While the rain cools the air, the high humidity (often 70–80%) makes it feel sticky and uncomfortable. Mosquito-borne diseases like dengue and malaria peak during this season, so residents and visitors should use repellents and avoid stagnant water. By mid-September, rainfall tapers off, and the humidity gradually decreases.
Winter (December–February): Fog and Cold
Winter sets in by December, with daytime highs around 20°C (68°F) and nights dropping to 5°C (41°F) or lower. January is the coldest month, and dense fog often blankets the city in the early morning, sometimes disrupting flights and trains. The fog is caused by high moisture and low winds, and it can last until late morning. Many homes and offices use electric heaters or blowers, but outdoor activities are limited. The city also experiences a higher level of air pollution in winter due to crop burning in neighboring states and low wind dispersion, so wearing an N95 mask outdoors is advisable on poor-air-quality days.
Transitional Seasons: Spring (February–March) and Autumn (October–November)
Spring in Delhi is short but pleasant: February and March bring mild temperatures (15–30°C) and blooming flowers, especially in places like the Mughal Gardens. Autumn, from October to early November, is similarly mild, with clear skies and comfortable days (20–32°C). These are the best times to visit Delhi for sightseeing, as the weather is neither too hot nor too cold. However, late October and November can see a spike in pollution due to Diwali firecrackers and post-monsoon crop burning, so check air quality indexes before planning outdoor activities.
Monthly Weather Breakdown
- January: Coldest month; highs ~20°C, lows ~5°C, heavy fog.
- February: Mild spring; highs ~24°C, lows ~9°C, clear days.
- March: Warming; highs ~30°C, lows ~14°C, pleasant evenings.
- April: Summer begins; highs ~36°C, lows ~20°C, dry.
- May: Hottest month; highs ~39°C, lows ~25°C, dust storms.
- June: Pre-monsoon; highs ~38°C, humidity rising, monsoon arrives late month.
- July: Monsoon peak; highs ~34°C, heavy rain, high humidity.
- August: Similar to July; frequent downpours, warm and humid.
- September: Rain tapers; highs ~33°C, humidity slowly drops.
- October: Autumn; highs ~32°C, lows ~18°C, clear and dry.
- November: Cooling; highs ~27°C, lows ~12°C, pleasant but pollution may build.
- December: Winter begins; highs ~22°C, lows ~7°C, fog starts.
Best Time to Visit Delhi
The ideal months to visit Delhi are February–March and October–November. During these periods, temperatures are moderate (15–30°C), humidity is low, and rainfall is minimal. You can comfortably explore outdoor attractions like the Red Fort, Qutub Minar, and India Gate without extreme heat or cold. If you must travel in summer, plan indoor activities for midday and carry water; in winter, pack warm layers and be prepared for possible flight delays due to fog.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the hottest month in Delhi?
May is typically the hottest month, with average highs around 39°C (102°F), but June can be equally hot until the monsoon arrives. Heatwaves in May and June can push temperatures above 45°C (113°F) for short periods.
Does Delhi have a rainy season?
Yes, Delhi has a monsoon season from late June to September. July and August receive the most rain, accounting for about half of the annual total. The rain brings relief from heat but also causes humidity and occasional waterlogging.
When does winter start in Delhi?
Winter typically begins in December, with the coldest period in January. However, temperatures start dropping noticeably in November, and fog can appear as early as late November. The season lasts until mid-February.
Is Delhi cold in December?
Yes, December is cold, especially at night. Daytime highs are around 22°C (72°F), but nights can drop to 7°C (45°F). Fog is common in the mornings, making it feel colder and reducing visibility.
What should I pack for a trip to Delhi in summer?
Pack light cotton clothes, sunglasses, a hat, and sunscreen for summer. Carry a reusable water bottle and stay hydrated. If you are there in June, expect humidity and sudden rain, so an umbrella or light raincoat is useful.
Why is Delhi so polluted in winter?
Winter pollution in Delhi is caused by a combination of factors: vehicle emissions, industrial smoke, construction dust, and crop burning in neighboring states (Punjab and Haryana). Low wind speeds and temperature inversions trap pollutants near the ground, leading to smog. The problem peaks in November and December.
Related
- Snakes on a Train? Myth, Law, and Reality
- Yearn Worthy Yarn Your Stash? A Knitter’s Guide
- How to Sew a Pompadour: A Step-by-Step Guide
How pages are sourced and corrected: Sources and editorial policy.