Family tree careers are professional paths centered on researching, documenting, and preserving genealogical information—most commonly as a professional genealogist, but also as a DNA analyst, archival researcher, or family historian. These careers involve using historical records, DNA testing, and interviews to build and verify family lineages for clients, institutions, or personal projects.
What Professional Genealogists Actually Do
Professional genealogists are hired to trace family lines, verify relationships, and produce documented reports. Their work often includes:
- Searching census records, birth/death certificates, and marriage licenses
- Interpreting DNA test results (e.g., autosomal, Y-DNA, mitochondrial)
- Locating immigration and naturalization documents
- Writing detailed family histories or reports for clients
- Testifying in court cases involving inheritance or heirship
Some genealogists specialize in a particular region, ethnicity, or time period, while others focus on forensic cases like identifying unknown ancestors or proving lineage for citizenship claims (e.g., Italian or Irish descent).
How to Become a Family Tree Professional
There is no single required degree, but most working genealogists combine formal education with hands-on experience. Common steps include:
- Take courses in genealogy from accredited programs (e.g., Boston University, University of Strathclyde) or online platforms like NGS and APG.
- Volunteer to index records for sites like FamilySearch or local historical societies.
- Build a portfolio by researching your own family or offering free services to friends.
- Earn certification through the Board for Certification of Genealogists (BCG) or the International Commission for the Accreditation of Professional Genealogists (ICAPG).
- Join professional organizations like the Association of Professional Genealogists (APG) for networking and job leads.
Certification is not legally required, but it signals credibility and often leads to higher pay.
Salary and Job Outlook
Income varies widely. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, historians (a related category) earned a median annual wage of around $64,000 in 2023, but professional genealogists are not tracked separately. Many work hourly, charging $40–$100+ per hour depending on experience and specialty. Full-time positions are rare; most genealogists are self-employed or work part-time for genealogy companies, archives, or law firms. The demand for genetic genealogy services has grown with the popularity of DNA testing, but the field remains competitive.
Key Skills and Tools of the Trade
Success in this field requires more than curiosity. Essential skills include:
- Analytical thinking to evaluate conflicting records
- Familiarity with genealogy software (e.g., Family Tree Maker, Legacy, RootsMagic)
- Knowledge of archival systems and record types
- Basic understanding of genetics for interpreting DNA results
- Clear writing for reports and client communication
Genealogists also use online databases like Ancestry.com, Fold3, and MyHeritage, but must cross-check with original records to avoid errors.
Common Challenges and Misconceptions
One major misconception is that genealogy is just “searching online.” In reality, professionals often travel to courthouses, archives, and cemeteries. Records can be illegible, incomplete, or destroyed, requiring creative problem-solving. Another challenge is client expectations—some people expect a single ancestor or a famous lineage, but the truth may be mundane or uncertain. Ethical issues also arise, such as handling adoption records or unexpected DNA matches. Professionals must follow a code of ethics, often from APG, to protect client privacy.
Comparing Family Tree Careers to Adjacent Fields
Genealogy overlaps with but differs from related careers:
- Archivist – Focuses on preserving and organizing records, not necessarily family histories.
- Historian – Studies broader historical events, not individual families.
- DNA analyst – Works in labs or for testing companies, interpreting genetic data rather than paper trails.
- Forensic genealogist – Uses DNA and records to identify unknown remains or solve crimes, a growing niche.
Each path requires different training; forensic genealogy, for example, often demands law enforcement or laboratory experience.
Costs of Getting Started
Initial costs are relatively low compared to many careers. Expect to spend on:
- Genealogy software: $30–$100 one-time or subscription
- Online database subscriptions: $20–$50 per month
- Courses: $100–$2,000 depending on depth
- Certification fees: $200–$500
Travel and record access fees can add up, but many records are free via FamilySearch or local libraries.
Alternatives to a Full-Time Career
If you are not ready to commit, consider part-time or volunteer options:
- Indexing records for FamilySearch (free)
- Writing family histories for relatives
- Offering local research services on a freelance basis
- Teaching beginner genealogy classes
These can build experience and a reputation without requiring full-time dedication.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do I need a degree to become a genealogist?
No, but a degree in history, library science, or a related field helps. Many professionals are self-taught or complete certificate programs. Certification from BCG or ICAPG is more important than a degree for credibility.
How much can I charge for genealogy research?
Rates vary by region and expertise. Beginners might charge $30–$50 per hour, while certified professionals can command $100+ per hour. Some charge flat fees for specific projects, like a lineage report.
Is genealogy a growing career field?
Interest in DNA testing has increased demand, but full-time positions are still limited. The field is growing slowly, with most opportunities in private practice, legal firms, and online companies. The BLS projects a 4% growth for historians from 2023 to 2033, which is about average.
Can I do genealogy work from home?
Yes, much of the research can be done online, but some tasks require in-person visits to archives or cemeteries. Many genealogists work remotely for companies like AncestryProGenealogists or as independent contractors.
What is the difference between a genealogist and a family historian?
A genealogist focuses on documenting ancestral lines with evidence, while a family historian may write narrative stories, compile photos, and preserve heirlooms. The terms overlap, but genealogy emphasizes rigorous sourcing.
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