Yes, burlap is a fab fabric for rustic, natural, and eco-friendly projects, but it has real limitations. This coarse woven cloth, also called hessian or gunny, is prized for its earthy texture and low cost, yet it frays easily, sheds, and is not suited for clothing or upholstery. Below is everything you need to know about burlap’s origins, practical uses, and how to work with it successfully.
What Is Burlap and How Is It Made?
Burlap is a plain-weave fabric traditionally made from the bast fibers of the jute plant (Corchorus olitorius and Corchorus capsularis), grown mainly in Bangladesh and India. The long, silky fibers are stripped from the plant’s stem, retted (soaked to loosen them), dried, and spun into coarse yarns. The yarns are then woven on looms into an open, net-like cloth. Some modern burlap uses kenaf, flax, or hemp fibers, but jute remains the standard. The weave is loose, which gives burlap its characteristic breathability and rough hand feel.
Common Uses of Burlap
Burlap’s strength and breathability make it a workhorse in agriculture and packaging. Historically, it was the go-to material for sacks of potatoes, coffee beans, and grain because it allows air circulation while protecting contents from dust. Today, you will still see burlap coffee bags and sandbags. In crafts and decor, burlap is used for table runners, wreaths, gift wrap, banners, and rustic wedding decorations. It also appears in gardening as a protective wrap for tree roots and as a biodegradable weed barrier. Because it is coarse, it is rarely used for clothing, though some bohemian-style jackets and bags incorporate it as an accent.
How to Choose the Right Burlap
Not all burlap is the same, and picking the right type saves frustration. Consider the following factors:
- Fiber content: 100% jute burlap is the most common and biodegradable. Blends with synthetic fibers are stronger and resist moisture but are not compostable.
- Weave tightness: A tight weave is better for projects that need less fraying, such as table runners or banners. A loose weave is fine for rustic wreaths or wrapping.
- Weight: Lightweight burlap (around 7 oz per square yard) is easier to cut and sew, while heavyweight (10 oz and up) is sturdier for outdoor use.
- Color and finish: Natural tan burlap is the classic look, but it is also dyed in many colors. Some burlap is treated with fire retardants or waterproofing—check the label if you need those properties.
Working with Burlap: Cutting, Sewing, and Crafting Tips
Burlap’s loose weave makes it fray and shift, but a few techniques keep projects manageable. When cutting, use sharp scissors or a rotary cutter and a cutting mat; a dull blade will snag the fibers. To reduce fraying, you can spray the cut edges with a fabric stiffener or apply a thin line of fabric glue. When sewing, use a larger needle (size 90/14 or 100/16) and a longer stitch length (3–4 mm). A walking foot or a layer of tissue paper under the fabric helps prevent the feed dogs from pulling the weave. For no-sew projects, hot glue works well, but use a low-temperature gun to avoid melting synthetic blends. To soften burlap for wearables, wash it in warm water with fabric softener and dry it on low—this shrinks it slightly and makes it less scratchy.
Common Problems and How to Solve Them
The most frequent complaint about burlap is fraying. The open weave means edges unravel quickly, especially when cut. Solutions include hemming with a zigzag stitch, binding edges with bias tape, or using pinking shears. Another issue is shedding—loose fibers come off onto hands and floors. Rubbing the fabric with a lint roller or vacuuming it before use helps. Burlap also has a distinct earthy smell, which some find pleasant and others do not. Air it outside for a day or spray with a fabric refresher. Finally, burlap is not waterproof and can rot if left damp. For outdoor use, choose a synthetic blend or apply a waterproofing spray.
Burlap vs. Other Fabrics
Compared to cotton canvas, burlap is much rougher, lighter, and cheaper, but it lacks durability and softness. Canvas is the better choice for tote bags or aprons. Linen, also a bast fiber, is finer, stronger, and more expensive—it is the premium option for clothing and table linens. Burlap’s open weave sets it apart from both, making it ideal for rustic decor and packaging but poor for garments. Synthetic burlap (often polypropylene) mimics the look but resists moisture and rot, making it better for outdoor banners and garden use, though it is not biodegradable.
Cost and Where to Buy
Burlap is one of the most affordable fabrics. By the yard, it typically costs between $3 and $7, depending on width and weight. Pre-cut table runners, wreaths, and craft rolls are slightly more. You can buy burlap at craft stores like Michaels or Joann, fabric shops, and online retailers such as Amazon or fabric.com. For large quantities, agricultural supply stores sell burlap rolls at a lower per-yard price. If you want an eco-friendly option, look for unbleached, undyed jute burlap, which is fully compostable.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is burlap safe for vegetable gardens?
Yes, natural jute burlap is safe and biodegradable, making it a good mulch or weed barrier. It allows water and air to reach the soil while suppressing weeds. However, avoid dyed or treated burlap, as the dyes and chemicals could leach into the soil.
Can you wash burlap in a washing machine?
You can, but it is risky. The agitation can cause excessive fraying and shedding. If you must wash it, put it in a mesh laundry bag, use cold water on a gentle cycle, and air dry. For craft projects, spot cleaning is usually safer.
Does burlap shrink?
Yes, 100% jute burlap can shrink slightly when washed in warm or hot water. If you are sewing a project that requires precise dimensions, pre-wash and dry the fabric before cutting.
How do you stop burlap from fraying?
Several methods work: apply fabric glue or fray-check along the cut edges, sew a zigzag stitch close to the edge, or bind the edges with bias tape. For no-sew projects, a thin line of hot glue can also seal the edge.
Is burlap flammable?
Yes, natural jute burlap is highly flammable. Keep it away from open flames and heat sources. If you use it for decor near candles or outdoor fire pits, consider a fire-retardant spray or a synthetic blend.
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