The emperor tree and the empress tree are the same species: Paulownia tomentosa. The names are used interchangeably for this fast-growing ornamental tree, though “empress tree” is far more common in horticultural literature.
What Is the Empress Tree?
The empress tree, also called the princess tree or royal paulownia, is a deciduous tree native to China and Japan. It was introduced to Europe and North America in the 1800s as an ornamental. The tree is known for its spectacular spring display of large, fragrant, lavender-blue flowers that appear before the leaves emerge. It can grow up to 50 feet tall with a broad, rounded canopy.
Why Two Names?
The dual naming likely stems from the tree’s botanical name Paulownia tomentosa, which honors Anna Pavlovna, a Russian princess and queen of the Netherlands. The common names “empress tree” and “emperor tree” both reflect the royal association, but “empress” is the standard common name used by the USDA and most botanical gardens. “Emperor tree” may be a regional variant or a simple misremembering of the more common name.
Growth and Care
The empress tree is one of the fastest-growing trees in the world, capable of adding 6 to 10 feet in a single year under ideal conditions. It thrives in full sun and well-drained soil, and it tolerates a wide range of soil types, including poor, compacted ground. Once established, it is drought-tolerant. The tree is hardy in USDA zones 5 through 9.
- Light: Full sun for best flowering.
- Water: Regular watering during the first two years; then it is quite drought-tolerant.
- Pruning: Prune in late winter to maintain shape and encourage vigorous growth.
- Fertilizer: A balanced fertilizer in early spring supports rapid growth.
Common Problems and Invasiveness
The empress tree is considered invasive in many parts of the eastern United States. It produces thousands of tiny seeds that spread easily, and it also resprouts vigorously from roots and stumps. Once established, it can be difficult to eradicate. In some states, it is illegal to plant or sell it. The tree also has brittle wood that can break in storms, and its shallow roots can damage sidewalks and foundations.
Wood and Other Uses
Despite its invasive tendencies, the empress tree is cultivated for its lightweight, strong wood, which is used in Japan for making musical instruments, furniture, and wooden boxes. The wood is also prized for its resistance to warping and its attractive grain. In traditional Chinese medicine, parts of the tree are used, though these uses are not medically proven.
How to Choose the Right Tree
If you are considering planting an empress tree, first check your local regulations to see if it is banned. If it is allowed, choose a location with plenty of space, away from buildings and pavement. Be prepared to manage seedlings and root sprouts. Alternatively, consider a non-invasive ornamental tree with similar appeal, such as the eastern redbud or the flowering dogwood.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are emperor and empress trees the same?
Yes, they are the same species, Paulownia tomentosa. The names are used interchangeably, though “empress tree” is the more common and accepted common name.
How fast does the empress tree grow?
It is one of the fastest-growing trees, adding 6 to 10 feet per year in ideal conditions. Some sources report even faster growth in the first few years.
Is the empress tree invasive?
Yes, it is considered invasive in many parts of the eastern and central United States. It spreads aggressively by seed and root sprouts, outcompeting native vegetation.
Can I grow an empress tree in a small yard?
It is not recommended for small yards because it grows large and has aggressive roots. It needs ample space and can cause damage to foundations and pavement.
What are the best alternatives to the empress tree?
For similar fast growth and spring flowers, consider the eastern redbud, flowering dogwood, or Japanese tree lilac. These are non-invasive and better suited for residential landscapes.
Bottom Line
Whether you call it emperor or empress, Paulownia tomentosa is a striking but problematic tree. Its rapid growth and beautiful flowers are offset by its invasive nature and structural weaknesses. If you choose to plant one, do so responsibly and check local regulations first.
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